1. In trying to fight worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up the World Food Programme (WFP) in 1963. 为了抗击世界各地的饥荒，联合国于1963年成立了世界粮食计划署。
【考点】 set up的用法。
【点拨】 此句中set up为“建立，创立 ”之意。如：
　　I have heard that they will set up a medical team to treat this kind of disease.
　　Our university was set up fifty years ago.
【拓展】 set up还有“竖立；张贴” 之意。如：
　　The hero’s statue will be set up in the front of the square.
　　He is setting up a notice on the wall.
【考例】
      For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll _______ my own business someday.
　　A. turn up     B． fix up     C. set up      D．make up 
简析：C。由主语和宾语之间的逻辑关系可推出该空表示“创立”，因此应填set up。

2. However, these small victories are a good start towards a better future because they are not the result of giving a man a single fish so that he can eat for a day.
 然而，这些小胜利是通向更美好前途的开始，因为它们不是给人一条鱼让他吃一天的结果。
【考点】 so that的用法。
【点拨】 so that“以便”，引导目的状语从句，此时so that前面通常没有逗号，后面常有can, could等情态动词。如：
　　He saved every cent so that he could buy a new bike.
　　He climbed to the top of the tower so that he could see farther.
【拓展】 so that还可表示“结果”，引导结果状语从句，此时前面多有逗号，后面通常没有can, could等情态动词。如：
　　The girl studied very hard, so that she passed the exam.
【考例】
　　I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early _______ I can have time for a cup of tea.
　　A. as soon as  B. as a result  C. in case  D. so that  
简析：D。so that引导目的状语从句。

3. Angela, 21, adds,“ I' d love to stay in the community where I grew up, but there are no career opportunities there...”
21岁的安吉拉补充说：“我愿意呆在我长大的社区，但那里没有就业机会……”
【考点】 where的用法。
【点拨】 where为关系副词，引导定语从句。如：
This is the school where my youngest sister studies.
【拓展】 where还可引导状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。如：　　
      My home lies where a small river flows.
　　Where he stays at present is still a secret.
　　I really don’t know where she has gone.
      My question is where you will spend your holidays.
【考例】
　　The village has developed a lot _______ we learned farming two years ago.
　　A. when   B. which    C. that     D. where 
简析：D。由语境逻辑可以推出这个村子是我们两年前学习农业技术的地方，它发展得很快，因此该空应填where引导定语从句。

4. By studying sociology, we can identify important factors such as education that help make people more successful within a society.
通过研究社会学，我们可以确定一些重要因素，例如对于人们在社会上取得更大成功有帮助的教育。
【考点】 by的用法。
【点拨】 by为介词，“靠、用”，表示方法或手段，后接名词、代词、动名词。如：
      He learned the language by books.
　　He entered the room by jumping through the windows.
【拓展】 by还可表示增减幅度，后面常接分数、百分数或具体数字；
　　by the time “到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。当主句为一般将来时时，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如：
　　Has the cotton output of this year increased by 10%？
　　I’m taller than her by a head.
　　By the time I graduate from middle school I will be eighteen.
【考例】
      Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _______ an inch.
　　A. by  B. at     C. a   D. one
简析：A。该空强调误差幅度，因此应填by。

5. This worked for some time until it became known that most of the Roma were not actually pilgrims, which further hurt their reputation in Europe.
有一段时间这么做还真管用，直到后来人们都知道多数罗姆人实际上不是朝圣者，这一点进一步损害了他们在欧洲的声誉。
【考点】 until的用法。
【点拨】 句中until 为连词，用于肯定句时，表明动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止才宣告结束，其谓语动词须为延续性动词。如：
　　We worked in the field until night fell.
　　We waited until it stopped raining.
【拓展】 连词until用于否定句时，表明动作或状态一直到until所表示的时间为止才开始发生，其谓语动词须为终止性动词。如：
　　He didn’t turn back until the guest was out of sight.
【考例】
      It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _______ we’ve actually had that lesson.
      A. until   B. after      C. since        D. when
简析：A。由语境逻辑可知，人的一生难以吸取教训的状态一直延续到真正有了教训，该空应填until引导时间状语从句。