一、解释

1. now 现在；那么（表示转变话题、要求、安慰、警告、解释、惊异等，通常置于句首并加逗点）
2. in addition 而且；此外
3. in this case 在这种情况下
4. in fact 其实；实际上
5. for this reason 由于这个缘故

二、强调

1. certainly 确实地
2. indeed 确实地
3. surely 确实地
4. above all 尤其；最重要者
5. most important ( of all ) 最重要的是
例句：
1. Certainly the vacation was fun.
2. Indeed, no man is an island. 谚语：人不能离群索居。

三、举例

1. for example 例如
2. for instance 例如
3. thus 就这样
4. next 其次；然后
5. namely 那就是
6. that is 那就是
7. in other words 换言之
8. that is to say 换言之；那就是说
9. in particular 尤其；特别
10. particularly 尤其
11. especially 特别地；主要地
例句：
1. A good speech, for example, should be as short as a skirt.
2. For instance, light travels faster than sound.
3. Next, think of the courses you want to take.

四、增加或附属

1. in addition 而且；此外
2. furthermore 而且；更有甚者
3. also 也；而且
4. moreover 而且；更有甚者
5. again 而且
6. and 而且
7. besides 而且
8. in addition to 除...之外
9. what's more 而且
例句：
1. In addition, the tour stops in Tokyo.
2. Furthermore, he is too old to do that.
3. Also, she asked for some money.

五、综合；总结

1. to sum up
2. to summarize
3. to conclude
4. in sum ( in summary )
5. in conclusion 以上皆表[总之]
6. in brief
7. in short
8. in a word
9. to be short
10. in a nutshell 以上皆表[简言之]
11. by and large 一般来说
12. finally 最后
13. in general 一般而言
14. on the whole 整个来说
15. generally speaking 大体而言；一般而论
例句：
1. To conclude, Chinese New Year is the most important holiday.
2. In summary, recreation is a big business.