比较结构

考生病句：

1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.

正确表达：

1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.

评议与分析：

     许多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比较，但相当多的表达有误。
     在例1中，对两个事物进行比较的句式为Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的过去分词，不能用现在分词，因为B是分词的逻辑主语，只能被比较。在例2中，考生误将"天气"与"城市"进行比较，而二者没有可比性，只有将后者改为"其他城市的天气"才符合逻辑，很显然，考生的错误是受了汉语表达习惯的影响。
     比较结构是常用结构，正确地使用这一结构可以使文章的句式增加变化，有利于提高写作成绩。一般说来，考生若能恰当、正确地运用这一结构，其写作成绩应在5分以上。
     下面是比较结构的一些常用的表达方法。
1．同级比较
　1) In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.
　2) We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.
2．比较级
　1) Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.
　2) We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water.
3．最高级
　1) This is the most interesting book I've ever read.
　2) Of all his novels I like this one best.
4．the more…the more…结构
　1) The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
　2) The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.
5．选择比较
　1) I prefer staying at home to going out.
　2) They prefer to work rather than (to) sit idly.
　3) He prefers to work alone.
     注意：这里的1）句用的是Prefer A to B结构，to为介词，后接名词或动名词；2）句是以不定式作prefer的宾语；3）句用法同2），只是不把rather than部分表达出来。
6．对比
　1) Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
　2) He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigour.
     注意：while 和whereas均可用于连接两个意义对立的分句，相当于汉语的"而"字。许多考生能较好地运用这一句式，尤其在图表作文中。